Furthermore, we leave it to the reader to prove that the stability theorem can be used to show that, for example, two, four or even six (1 pair, 2 pairs and 3 pairs resp.) charges can be placed on the orbit of model Iu (K-meson) – also an indication that conforms to the elementary particle table provided by Joos. This means that the Pauli principle of free self-interaction does not allow only two charges on each “shell”.

The stability theorem, however, is a real goldmine. If it is considered to be universally valid, it still contains much more: one can understand the direction quantization in the Stern-Gerlach experiment without any problem. We will now use it to demonstrate that in an exterior field our two particles (π-meson and K-meson) without “forward spin with reverse gear” will show a behavior principally different from all the other model particles . In these models it can be seen at one glance that all the directions of self-interaction are grouped as a bundle closely around the “spin axis” standing perpendicular to the plane of projection in Fig. 26 and Fig. 41. Our two particles would be badly advised to turn said axis toward the external field when encountering external fields because every other spatial direction perpendicular to this axis causes the directions of self-interaction to diverge considerably more from the direction of the external field. Namely, for all of these directions the magnetic field, that the particle can generate according to the magnetic field theorem, is equal to zero. Therefore, the case in which the “spin axis” is oriented in the direction of the external field may virtually not occur as an unstable condition. We see that both particles do not show the Stern-Gerlach effect and, thus, they must have the spin of zero. On the contrary, for all the other particles the setting of the spin axis along the direction of the external field is the most stable one.

Now we come to the rest masses of our particle models. Initially we will restrict ourselves to the singly-charged particles. More indications can be obtained from a more detailed study if one poses the question: what actually is the rest mass of a particle?