Reflections on the topic atom - explanations for the Pauli principle, the magneto-mechanical anomaly (spin), the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the wave-particle-duality the light as well as for the problem of the universal physical constant

At the moment we have to bear in mind our statement that the rest mass is equal to the self-interaction energy divided by the square of the speed of light. Further, it is useful to consider the equations that describe the pair generation of, for example, an electron and a positron:

E = m₀c²	rest energy of a charge

E = h ⋅ ν	minimum energy of a ∂-quant (required for the pair generation)

From this follows by equating:

m₀c² = h ⋅ ν = h *	c
	λ

Benutzen wir nun die Gleichung: h = e₀²c ⋅ const, so gilt:

LI

m₀ = const ⋅ e₀²

λ

Thereby, we obtain the very important indication that the rest mass can depend only on one single variable that has the dimension of a length. This is a result that makes every attentive reader think about the smallest length introduced by Heisenberg;we will try to find an illustrative explanation for this. For this purpose, let us have a closer look at a charge. The property of a charge is to be the well (or sink) of a space. As it is obviously a real, existing object that can have an effect on itself or on other charges, its dimension may not be equal to zero (i.e. the mathematical point). Otherwise it would not exist. If, however, it has finite dimensions, there must be a smallest radius of a circular orbit on the circumference of which this charge is barely able to interact with itself. This smallest curvature radius could be identical to the shortest length. But since the free self-interaction must certainly follow certain rules, there should also be a revolution period for this smallest curvature radius. This revolution period shall be the smallest time introduced by Heisenberg.