Initially, we justify the correctness of this question in that we may allow the existence of further charges only on the spherical shell itself. We know, in nature there is only one unit charge (with a positive or negative sign). If we allow any second charge, e.g. on any orbit found inside the given sphere, in effect we will have the case of the partly unfree self-interaction that shall not be claimed for the elementary particles. The same applies if we allow a second charge (irrespective of its sign) outside the given sphere because then we get the same situation. By means of this explanation we have demonstrated much more than expected since now we can write without more ado:

This provisional theorem is a very general formulation of the Pauli principle and applies both to all stable conditions in the shell and to the elementary particles; this will still be verified. We even strongly assume this theorem to be part of the universal extremal principle (that we are looking for) and that it is valid in general. We will call this theorem the stability theorem.

But now we want to elaborate the conditions that have to be met by further charges (apart from the charge already present there) admissible on the spherical shell:

1. They must also be in the state of (approximately) free self-interaction


2. The times of revolution must be identical to the time of revolution of the charge already present, otherwise these charges would – analogous to our descriptions of the homopolar bond – anytime “notice” each other and the particle decomposes. Due to these two conditions and the requirement to coexist on the same spherical shell it is certain that: the additionally admitted charges are allowed to move only along the same orbit predefined already by the existing charge.